On 1^st October 2024, Dr. Syed Akhtar Ali Shah & Mr. Azim Arshad addressed the participants of 36^th SMC, on Terrorism, Violent Extremism and State Response (Panel Discussion).

Mr. Azim began the discussion by providing insights into the drivers of violent extremism, drawing on evidence-based research to highlight how factors such as social environments, education, and economic conditions contribute to radicalization. He explained that social networks play a critical role in recruitment, with many individuals being drawn into extremist groups through friends or community contacts. Mr. Azim emphasized the need for more proactive measures to address the root causes of extremism, urging for greater investment in community engagement, education, and counter-narratives to extremist ideologies.

Dr. Syed Akhtar Ali Shah followed by discussing the historical context of terrorism in Pakistan, tracing its roots to regional and global power politics. He outlined the multiple forms of terrorism that have plagued the country, including sub-nationalism and religious extremism. Dr. Shah stressed that terrorism is often a reaction to socioeconomic and political grievances, making it essential to understand the complex web of factors driving individuals toward militancy.

Both speakers emphasized the gaps in Pakistan’s current counter-terrorism strategy, highlighting the need for a multidimensional approach. This include reforms in governance, the criminal justice system, and an increased focus on preventive measures such as fostering social cohesion and resilience through education.

During the Q&A session, participants engaged with the speakers on issues related to policy effectiveness and the role of civil society in combating extremism. The discussion concluded with a call for a coordinated effort involving state institutions, communities, and international partners to address terrorism and violent extremism comprehensively.