On 1^st November 2024, Prof. Dr. Zafar Nawaz Jaspal, Meritorious Professor of International Relations, Dean Faculty of Social Sciences Quaid-I-Azam University, delivered a lecture on “Pakistan’s Relations with Iran”, to the participants of the 36^th SMC.

During the lecture, Prof. Dr. Zafar Nawaz Jaspal explained that Pakistan and Iran have experienced a complex history of bilateral relations shaped by evolving regional and global dynamics. While the two countries have had cordial ties in the past, particularly before 1979, various factors have strained relations since then. These include the Islamic Revolution, sectarian tensions, Pakistan’s strategic ties with Saudi Arabia and the United States, and differing policies on Afghanistan. The January 2024 cross-border strikes, involving attacks by Iran on Pakistan’s Balochistan region and a retaliatory operation by Pakistan, marked a significant escalation, exacerbating tensions. These strikes were related to concerns over militant activities along the border.

Prof. Dr. Zafar Nawaz Jaspal noted that despite periods of strain, Pakistan and Iran share important economic and strategic interests, including regional connectivity projects like the proposed Iran-Pakistan gas pipeline. However, U.S. sanctions and geopolitical challenges, such as Iran’s contentious nuclear program and its shifting relations with global powers, complicate collaboration. Both nations must navigate this landscape while balancing competing alliances, sectarian divides, and pressure from international actors. The potential for collaboration remains, but it is hindered by enduring regional disputes and broader strategic rivalries, including Pakistan’s ties with Gulf states and Iran’s stance on global issues. Question-Answer session, was very engaging and summed up this critical subject for the audience.